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▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)/過去時(shí)

例：

1、主動(dòng)：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.

被動(dòng)：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.

孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。

2、

主動(dòng)：People regard him as brilliant.

被動(dòng)：He is regarded as brilliant by people.

人們認(rèn)為他很有才華。

以上兩例都是一般時(shí)態(tài)用“be done”的事例，be有人稱、時(shí)、數(shù)變，第三人稱“foreign friends”是復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)一般過去時(shí)，所以“be done”就是“were given”，而“People regard him as brilliant”一句，被動(dòng)后的“be done”就變成單數(shù)第三人稱“is regarded”的形式了。

被動(dòng)：

This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （“was delivered”即為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)）

這是王同志的講演。

There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

邊境發(fā)生非常嚴(yán)重列車事故，兩人死亡，十二人受傷。

A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.

直言不諱的人才是真正誠實(shí)的人。

A note was passed up to the speaker.

有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。

John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.

喬治被選為班長來代替亨利。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

完成時(shí)態(tài)

“havedone”，被動(dòng)將“been”加中間。

（過去完成時(shí)“had done”也包括在內(nèi)）。

例：

1、主動(dòng)：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.

被動(dòng)：English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.（“have”隨新主語變?yōu)椤癶as”）

我們已經(jīng)在學(xué)校里學(xué)了三年英語了。

2、主動(dòng)：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被動(dòng)：100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底他們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺拖拉機(jī)。

3、主動(dòng)：They have set up a power station in their home town.

被動(dòng)：A power station has been set up in their home town.

他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。

4、主動(dòng)：They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被動(dòng)：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.

他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。

5、主動(dòng)：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被動(dòng)： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

6、主動(dòng)：We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.

被動(dòng)：Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity by us.

核能被我們用來發(fā)電。

7、主動(dòng)：No one has ever beaten him at tennis.

被動(dòng)：He has never been beaten at tennis.

就網(wǎng)球來說還沒有人是他的對手。

（“No one”涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講）

The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.

有槍的人可能會試圖否認(rèn)他開了槍。但是任何看到槍冒的煙的人都會知道他剛才開了槍。

Today is Cilia's wedding day, she has just been married to Bob.

今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和鮑勃結(jié)婚。

The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.

演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。

過去完成時(shí)也是一樣：

主動(dòng)：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.

被動(dòng)：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

一般將來時(shí)

“shall(will) do”，被動(dòng)變“do”為“be done”

即由“shall do”或“will do”變?yōu)椤皊hall done”或“will be done”。

例：主動(dòng)：We shall build several big modern power plants in our city.

被動(dòng)：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city.

我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。

（“shall do”中的“shall”要隨新主語變?yōu)椤皐ill”，“do”要變?yōu)椤癰e done”。）

主動(dòng)：I shall send my second boy to school next September.

被動(dòng)：My second boy will be sent to school next September.

過年九月我將送我次子去讀書。

主動(dòng)：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.

被動(dòng)：Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by swindlers.

磚塊外面會被騙子們鍍上一層金來做這樣的“金磚”。

主動(dòng)：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.

被動(dòng)：You will be asked a lot of strange questions by them.

同樣：

After a period of use, the batteries should be changed. 電池使用一段時(shí)間后，應(yīng)該更換。

Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time. 通常是整天供電的，但是明天早晨將會停電。

More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future. 在將來會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。

More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. 為了在短時(shí)間內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)奇跡，從現(xiàn)在開始需要做更多工作。

The machine will not be used again. 這機(jī)器不能再用了。

Will more gas be needed 需要更多的煤氣嗎

但如果是一般過去將來時(shí)如何處理呢請記下面口訣：

一般過去將來時(shí)，過去某時(shí)將發(fā)生。

主動(dòng)“should（would）”“do”，被動(dòng)“be done”代原形。

將來進(jìn)行無被動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)同。

主動(dòng)：A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.

被動(dòng)：whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.

幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否應(yīng)該提前執(zhí)行新的計(jì)劃。

主動(dòng)：I did not say that we would change the equipment.

被動(dòng)：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.

我并沒說過我們將換掉那臺設(shè)備。

主動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that he would give me a special tutorial a few days ago.

被動(dòng)：My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to me a few days ago.

幾天前，我的導(dǎo)師說他將對我進(jìn)行個(gè)別輔導(dǎo)。

主動(dòng)：I never thought that he would bring me the information so early.

被動(dòng)：I never thought that the information would be brought to me by him so early.

我沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

將來進(jìn)行時(shí)無被動(dòng)，shall（will）be doing，

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)同。have（has）been doing，

即將來進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作在將來某一時(shí)刻或某個(gè)階段正在進(jìn)行，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示某一行為發(fā)生在過去。

例；We hope your company will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. （將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這臺設(shè)備。

In a few minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.（將來進(jìn)行時(shí)）幾分鐘后我們的客機(jī)將在同溫層中飛行。

How long have you been studying English 你學(xué)英語多久了（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

We have been waiting at the airport for the because of the thick fog. 由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機(jī)場等了一整天了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）

Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronomy. 從那時(shí)以來，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)家成功地處理了許多天文學(xué)上的問題。

（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）以上均無被動(dòng)態(tài)。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)都是“be”的人稱、時(shí)和數(shù)的形式加“doing”。而被動(dòng)態(tài)則是“be”加上“being done”的形式，“being”是不變的。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)態(tài)是被動(dòng)態(tài)的重點(diǎn)，容易搞錯(cuò)。例如：

主動(dòng)：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.

被動(dòng)：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。

Two reservoirs are being built at the same time. 兩座水庫同時(shí)建造。

The nasty question is being considered by the committee members. 委員會的委員們正在考慮那個(gè)棘手的問題.

We could not get through because the 19th Road was being repaired. 我們過不去，因?yàn)橐痪怕氛S修呢。

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。

帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等的被動(dòng)態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如“can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need（需要）;have to（不得不）;be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：

主動(dòng)：We must keep this inmind.

被動(dòng)：This must be kept inmind.

我們必須把這個(gè)記在心里。

主動(dòng)：We can put the refrigerator in that place.

被動(dòng)：The refrigerator can be put in that place.

我們可以把電冰箱放在那個(gè)地方。

主動(dòng)：We shall not use the washing machine again.

被動(dòng)：The washing machine will not be used again.

我們不能再用那臺洗衣機(jī)了。 原來的謂語“shall use”被動(dòng)態(tài)中隨新主語變?yōu)椤皐ill”。

主動(dòng)：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.

被動(dòng)：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. （“shall”變“will”）

我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。

I ought to be criticized for it. 我應(yīng)該為此受到批評。

All this has to be solved with great care. 這一切得認(rèn)真解決。

The lobby is going to be rebuilt. 門廳將被重建。

The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow. 展覽會將在明日開放。

“may”加不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體表示“可能”，主要用于肯定句，決不能用在疑問句中。而“can”與不定式的完成體或完成進(jìn)行體連用表示“可能”，只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句。但如果“can”或“may”的過去式即“could”與“might”與不定式完成體或完成進(jìn)行體搭配時(shí)，可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)。肯、否、陳、疑，均可。

It can't have been lost in the post, can it

它不可能是在郵局丟失的吧：（反意疑問句）

否定助后加“not”，疑問一助置主前。

在否定句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，否定副詞“not”一定加在第一助動(dòng)詞之后，不放在別的助動(dòng)詞之后。同樣在疑問句的被動(dòng)態(tài)中，第一助動(dòng)詞置于主語之前。

例：Why has（一助）not anything been（二助）done to end the strike

“not”必須放在第一助動(dòng)詞“has”之后，第一助動(dòng)詞“has”必須放在主語“anything”之前。決不可寫成： why has not been anything done toendthe strike或why has been not anything done to end the strike

為什么不采取些措施來結(jié)束罷工呢

The exercise will not be done in class.

不可寫成：The exercise will be not done in class.

我們將不在課堂上作練習(xí)。

In what other way could（一助）information about Mars be（二助）obtained

用什么別的途徑能獲得火星的資料呢

Why had he been imprisoned

他為什么入獄

Need she be told about it

需要告訴他嗎

主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前

凡主語恰好是一個(gè)疑問詞或由疑問詞來修飾主語時(shí)，后面要用陳述語序。

例：What（主語）could be dropped from a satellite

什么東西會被從衛(wèi)星上扔下

What measures（主語）are being taken to develop this new science（主語為疑問詞“what”所修飾）

什么措施正在被采取以發(fā)展這門新的科技

What kind of device（主語）is needed to make the control system simple（主語為疑問詞所修飾）

需要什么裝置來使控制系統(tǒng)簡化

▲高考英語語法必考知識點(diǎn)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)

情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)步驟

一、理解含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的概念 含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)說明某個(gè)被動(dòng)性動(dòng)作所反映出的感情和態(tài)度。初中階段可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分別表示“能夠被……”，“可以被……”，“必須被……”，“需要被……“，應(yīng)該被……”等。

二、掌握含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的不同句式的變換方法含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的疑問句、否定句的變化均借助于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞完成。

（一）一般疑問句直接將陳述句被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提前。如： Must this work be done at once這項(xiàng)工作必須立即完成嗎 Should your homework be finished before six你的家庭作業(yè)應(yīng)在六點(diǎn)前完成嗎

（二）特殊疑問句由疑問詞加上一般疑問句被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成。如： When must this work be done這工作必須在什么時(shí)候完成 Where can the lost book be found這本失蹤的書能在什么地方被找到

（三）反意疑問句借助情態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成附加疑問部分。如： This bridge can be built next year，can't it這座橋能建成，是嗎 This book shouldn't be taken out of the library，should it這本書不應(yīng)被帶出圖書館，是嗎

（四）否定句在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”時(shí)否定式為“needn't”。如：This work needn't be done at once．這項(xiàng)工作沒必要立即做。This dustbin shouldn't be put here．這個(gè)垃圾箱不應(yīng)放在這兒。 三、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般疑問句的回答應(yīng)保留原情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，但“must”表“必須”時(shí)，其否定回答應(yīng)用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”時(shí)，其肯定回答應(yīng)用“must”。

如： —Should my exercises be finished today我的作業(yè)應(yīng)在今天完成嗎 —Yes，they should．是的，應(yīng)在今天完成。 （No，they shouldn't．不，不應(yīng)在今天完成。） —Must his exercise book be handed in at once他的練習(xí)本必須立即上交嗎 —Yes，it must．是的，必須立即上交。 （No，it needn't．不，不必立即上交。） —Need he be operated on at once他必須立即手術(shù)嗎 —Yes，he must．是的，他必須。 （No，he needn't．不，他不必。）

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