學分網給各位考生整理了2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣,希望對大家有所幫助。更多的資訊請持續關注學分網。(http://www.zsatt.com/)
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣用來表示假想,而不表示客觀存在的事實,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。英語中的語氣分為陳述語氣、祈使語氣、虛擬語氣三類。虛擬語氣表示說話者所說的話并非事實,或難以實現的,甚至表達相反的概念。另外表示主觀愿望或表達某種強烈的感情時,也用虛擬語氣。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣的種類
1、陳述語氣
表示動作或狀態是客觀存在的、確定的或符合事實的,用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句中。如:
Iraq is an Asian country. 伊拉克是亞洲國家。(肯定句)
The US and British armies did not start the Second Gulf War until March 20,2003.
美英聯軍直到2003年3月20日才發動第二次海灣戰爭。(否定句)
Who was it that they want to help 他們想要幫忙的人到底是誰呀(疑問句)
How interesting my stay in China has been! 我在中國的日子過的真有趣!(感嘆句)
2、祈使語氣
表示說話人對對方的請求、警告,建議或命令。如:
Please come over here. 請到這邊來。
Would you be so kind as to lend me a hand 請幫個忙好嗎
Watch your steps! 當心!(走路)
Never be late again! 再也不要遲到了。
3、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示說話人的主觀愿望、猜疑、建議或與事實不符的假設等,而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣是由句中的謂語從句的特殊形式表示出來的。如:
If I were a bird,I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鳥,我就能在空中飛行。
I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通過考試。
May you succeed! 祝你成功!
If only we had been college students last year! 上一年我們要是大學生該多好!
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣中的主語和動詞be
若主從句主語一致,且謂語部分包含有動詞be,通常可將主語和動詞be省略:
If repaired earlier,the tractor would not have broken down.
要是早點兒修一下,拖拉機就不會拋錨了。(=If it had been repaired earlier…)
“it+be”的省略
If necessary,I would send more farmhands to help you.
如果需要的話,我會派更多的人去幫你。(=If it was necessary,…)
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
1、一想要(desire) 一寧愿(prefer) 一堅持(insist)二命令(order , command) 三建議(advise , suggest , propose/recommend) 四要求(demand , require , request , ask)中,無論主句謂語動詞為何種時態,從句的謂語動詞都用:"should + do"。should可以省略。
eg:He suggested that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He insisted that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He demand that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
He ordered that we (should) take the teacher's advice.
insist意為“堅持某種動作”才用虛擬語氣;意為“堅持某種觀點,某個事實”則不用虛擬語氣。
eg:
He insists he is a student.
他堅持說他是個學生。
這個語句表示的是事實,因此在這個語句中不能使用虛擬語氣。
suggest意為“建議”才用虛擬語氣,意為“暗示”或“表明”則不用虛擬語氣。
eg:
His face suggests that he looks worried .
他的表情表明了他很擔心。
這個句子本身是事實,因此它就沒有用到虛擬語氣。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
2、表情緒.觀點的形容詞或名詞也要用虛擬語氣.如:necessary、important、impossible、natural、strange、surprising、funny、right、wrong、better、a pity ,the shame ,no wonder等。
句型:It is.......that +主語從句,從句的謂語動詞常用should+原形且should的省略要看情況而定。
eg:
Do you think it is necessary that he (should)not be sent to Lingbao.(should表示“建議”的語氣,可省。)
It is strange that such a person should be our friend.(should表示“竟然”的語氣,不可省。)
奇怪的是這樣一個人會成為我們的朋友。
We also use the subjunctive from in that clauses following adjective of urgency.These statements are similar to commands,but they are impersonal and therefore softer.here are some adjectives of urgency:advisable ,best,critical,desirable,essential,imperative,important,necessary,urgent,vital.
eg:
It's vital that you make a decision right now . (Impersonal and softer)
Make a decision right now! (Strong)
I insist that you make a decision right now. ( strong)
注:這一點還沒有準確的說法,希望善心人能把這點補充完全。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
3、 在even if,even though 所引導的讓步狀語從句中用may/might+動詞原形,may/might可以省略,表示與現 在相反的情況;從句用過去式,表示與過去相反的情況,類似的詞有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主句、從句的結構與if所引導的條件從句結構相同。
eg:
Even if he were here himself,he should not know what to do.
即使他親自來也不知該怎么辦。(事實:他沒來)
Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here.
即使華佗在世也救不了他。(事實:華佗不在世)
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
4、 在whatever,whichever,whenever,whoever,wherever,however,no matter wh-等引導的讓步狀語從句中,從句虛擬語氣結構為:
指現 在或將來:may +do。
eg:
We will finish it on time no matter what may happen.
不管發生什么事,我們都要按時完成。
We will find him wherever he may be.
無論他在哪里,我們都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come.
不管他來的多么晚,我都會等他。
指過去:may +have done。
eg:
You mustn't be proud whatever great progress you may have made.
不管你取得了多么大的進步,你也不能驕傲。
We must respect him no matter what mistakes he may have made.
不管他犯過什么錯誤,我們必須尊敬他。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
5、一般would rather,had rather,would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實不相符的一種愿望,故使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:
過去 had + done
現 在 過去時(be 用were )
將來 過去時(be 用were ) (would rather將來情況用一般過去時)
eg:
I'd rather you had seen the film yesterday.
我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。
I'd rather you were here now.
我倒想你現在在這兒。
We'd rather you went here tomorrow.
我們倒想你明天去那兒
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
6、虛擬語氣還可用在定語從句中,表示:“早該做某事了”時,定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣,其虛擬語氣的結構為:It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + do(should不可省略)(優先使用動詞過去式),即從句用虛擬過去式。
It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.
我該去學校接我的女兒了。
It is high time you should go to work.
你早該上班了。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣
7、 簡單句中的虛擬語氣
(1) 說話時,為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌,言語常使用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構形式常為:would / could / might / should +do。
eg:
Would you mind my shutting the door
你介意我把門關起來嗎
You should always learn this lesson by heart.
你要把這個教訓牢記于心。
I should agree with you.
我本該同意你的觀點。(委婉的不同意)
(2)表示“祝愿”時,常用may +主語+ do。
eg:
May you have a good journey!
祝你一路順風。
May your youth last forever!
祝你青春永駐。
(3)表示強烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時,常用do。
eg:God bless us. 上帝保佑。
(4)習慣表達中常用的虛擬語氣。
① 提出請求或邀請。eg:
Would you like to have a talk with us this evening
今天晚上來跟我們聊天好嗎
Could I use your bike now
我可以用一下你的單車嗎
② 陳述自己的觀點或看法。eg:
I should be glad to meet you.
見到你我會很高興。
I would try my best to help you.
我會盡力幫助你。
③提出勸告或建議。eg:
You'd better ask your father first.
你最好先問一問你的父親。
You should make a full investigation of it first.
你應該先全面調查一番。
④ 提出問題。eg:
Do you think he could get here on time
你認為他能按時來嗎
Do you expect he would tell us the truth
你期望他會告訴我們真相嗎
⑤表示對過去情況的責備時,常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結構為:情態動詞+ have done。
eg:
You should have got here earlier. 你早該到這里了。
You should have returned it to him. 你早該把它還給他了。
▲高考英語語法必考知識點:虛擬語氣中的誤區
1.混合條件句的主從句時態不會靈活變化;
2.省略if時,句子調整不正確;
3.不會去找意思中的“應該”含義;
4.陷在虛擬中出不來,把真實條件句當成虛擬條件句。
【典型例題】
1) If I had seen the movie, I ______________ you all about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told
解析:錯選D。應該選擇A。
2)The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
解析:答案B。真實條件句主句為將來時,從句用一般現在時。
3)_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
解析:答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個詞,通常將if省略,主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意,在虛擬條件狀語從句中,省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Weren't I to do.
4). My suggestion is that she ________ more exercise, which will do a lot of
good to her.
A. takes B. must take C. take D. took
解析:錯選A。本題要表達“我的建議是她(應該)多鍛煉,這對她會有很大好處。”符合虛擬的條件,所以正確答案為C。空前面省略了should.
2017年高考英語語法必考知識點:過去將來完成進行時
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