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▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，是英語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞的一種基本時(shí)態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞（have/has）+been+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分。表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者剛剛終止，或者可能仍然要繼續(xù)下去。（與since，for連用時(shí)，要用連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，不可用瞬間動(dòng)詞，但連續(xù)性動(dòng)詞常常表示動(dòng)作會(huì)進(jìn)行下去）也可以表示某種經(jīng)歷。

但注意，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所應(yīng)用的語(yǔ)境必須是現(xiàn)在（now等狀語(yǔ)的提示或者根據(jù)上下文、語(yǔ)境）的，不能應(yīng)用在過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境（如出現(xiàn)明確表示是在過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)刻的狀語(yǔ)）。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成

I / we / they have been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

He / she / it has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本句式

肯定式 第一人稱(chēng) have been doing sth.

疑問(wèn)式 Have 第一人稱(chēng) been doing sth.

簡(jiǎn)略回答 Yes， 第一人稱(chēng) have. No， 第一人稱(chēng) haven't.

肯定式 第三人稱(chēng) has been doing sth.

疑問(wèn)式 Has 第三人稱(chēng)been doing sth.

簡(jiǎn)略回答 Yes， 第三人稱(chēng)has. No， 第三人稱(chēng)hasn't.

1） 表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去開(kāi)始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng)，如：

Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.

Why are your clothes so dirty What have you been doing

2) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng)，如：

It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)

Jack has been feeling very well recently.

3) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個(gè)階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng)，如：

She has been playing tennis since she was eight.

4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身，如：

Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.

The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.

標(biāo)志:

1.句中常有延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，

2.時(shí)間點(diǎn)前有since。

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法

主語(yǔ)+have/has+been+動(dòng)詞-ing(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)

（一）表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。

The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國(guó)有2000年的造紙歷史。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

I have been learning English three years ago.三年以來(lái)我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

（二）表示在說(shuō)話時(shí)刻之前到現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

We have been waiting for you for half an hour.我們已經(jīng)等你半個(gè)鐘頭了(人還沒(méi)到，如同在電話里說(shuō)的，還會(huì)繼續(xù)等)

（三）有些現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。

They have been living in this city for ten years.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

他們?cè)谶@個(gè)城市已經(jīng)住了10年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

I have been working here for five years.

I have worked here for five years.

我在這里已經(jīng)工作五年了。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

（四）大多數(shù)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子不等同于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子。

I have been writing a book.（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）我一直在寫(xiě)一本書(shū)。

I have written a book.（動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了一本書(shū)。

They have been building a bridge.他們一直在造一座橋。（動(dòng)作還將繼續(xù)下去）

They have built a bridge.他們?cè)炝艘蛔鶚颉＃▌?dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）

（五）表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

I have known him for years.我認(rèn)識(shí)他已經(jīng)好幾年了。

* I have been knowing...

這類(lèi)不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞還有：love愛(ài)，like喜歡，hate討厭，think想等等。

（六）一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子也與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子含義相同

延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)中使用，句意相同。例如：

She has slept for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.

She has been sleeping for 6 hours and still cannot wake up.她已經(jīng)睡了6個(gè)小時(shí)，到現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有醒來(lái)。

(七）表示現(xiàn)在以前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的未完成性

It has been raining for 3 days。已經(jīng)下了3天的雨了（現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)停止）

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示做完的事情以及已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可以。

在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。

He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t had that much contact with him. 他并沒(méi)有給我工作過(guò)，我和他沒(méi)有過(guò)那許多接觸。

否定句構(gòu)成：

主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成:

Have/has+主語(yǔ)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的練習(xí)

A. Correct the following sentences. 訂正以下的句子

1、All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.

2、I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.

3、What have you been doing before you left Oxford

4、It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself

5、It's a long time since you come to see me.

6、Alice didn't see much of Henry lately.

7、I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam.

Key：

1. are→have been

2. have been drinking→have drunk

3. have→had

4. Have you done→Did you do

5. come→came

6. didn't seen→hasn't seen

7. passed→have passed

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的練習(xí)

B. Complete the following sentences with the right form of the verbs given. 選出正確的一項(xiàng)

1、You know, I ________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview.

2、My sister ________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.

3、The little boy is dirty all over because he ________ (play) in the mud all the morning.

4、I ________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.

5、Here he is! We ________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night.

key

1. have been looking 2. stayed 3. has been playing/ has played 4. wondered 5. have been waiting

▲高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的練習(xí)

C. Make the best choices.作出正確選擇

1、— I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.

— I think so.He ________ for it for months. (2008江蘇)

A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing

2、By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it. (2008山東)

A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked

3、So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (2008福建)

A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen

4、Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she ______ English for a year. (2007湖南)

A. studies B. studied C. is studying D. has been studying

5、Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. (2007福建)

A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked

6、—I have got a headache.

—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.

A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked

7、The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. (2007上海)

A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling

8、Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.

A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider

9、—______ you ______ him around the museum yet —Yes. We had a great time there.(2007江蘇)

A. Have shown B. Do show C. Had; shown D. Did; show

10、—Hi, Tracy，you look pale.

—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.

A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted

key： 1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CABAC

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